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Operation Passage to Freedom was a term used by the United States Navy to describe the propaganda effort [2] [3] and the assistance in transporting in 310,000 Vietnamese civilians, soldiers and non-Vietnamese members of the French Army from communist North Vietnam (the Democratic Republic of Vietnam) to non-communist South Vietnam (the State of ...
"Hanoi Hannah" or Trịnh Thị Ngọ, was a Vietnamese radio personality best known for her work during the Vietnam War, when she made English-language broadcasts for North Vietnam directed at U.S. troops. [48] During the Vietnam War in the 1960s and 1970s, Ngo became famous among U.S. soldiers for her propaganda broadcasts on Radio Hanoi.
Airborne leaflet dropping is a type of propaganda where leaflets are scattered in the air, normally by filling cluster bombs that open in midair with thousands of leaflets. Military forces have used aircraft to drop leaflets to attempt to alter the behavior of combatants and non-combatants in enemy-controlled territory, sometimes in conjunction ...
MACV-SOG forces wore nondescript uniforms, but this was their unofficial insignia. The Sacred Sword of the Patriots League (SSPL) (Mặt trận gươm thiêng ái quốc) was a sustained black operation that originated in the Central Intelligence Agency and was carried out by the Military Assistance Command, Vietnam – Studies and Observations Group (MACV-SOG) during the Vietnam War.
A propaganda leaflet urging Viet Cong and North Vietnamese fighters to defect to the side of South Vietnam. New governments in Washington and Saigon created new pacification programs in 1964 as it became clear that, contrary to the U.S.'s optimism of 1963, the Viet Cong were steadily taking control of more territory and more people.
Following the partition of Vietnam in 1954 at the end of the First Indochina War, more than one million North Vietnamese migrated to South Vietnam, [38] under the U.S.-led evacuation campaign named Operation Passage to Freedom, [39] with an estimated 60% of the north's one million Catholics fleeing south.
One 1968 memorandum demonstrates what was discussed. In the document, titled "Communist Aid to North Vietnam," the types of aid being provided by the Chinese and the Russians are described in detail, with sections on economic and military aid. [64] On October 31, 1968, President Johnson announced a suspension of bombing attacks on the North ...
The national symbols of Vietnam are official and unofficial flags, icons or cultural expressions that are emblematic, representative or otherwise characteristic of Vietnam and of its culture. Symbol [ edit ]