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A closed line segment includes both endpoints, while an open line segment excludes both endpoints; a half-open line segment includes exactly one of the endpoints. In geometry , a line segment is often denoted using an overline ( vinculum ) above the symbols for the two endpoints, such as in AB .
A mathematical symbol is a figure or a combination of figures that is used to represent a mathematical object, an action on mathematical objects, a relation between mathematical objects, or for structuring the other symbols that occur in a formula. As formulas are entirely constituted with symbols of various types, many symbols are needed for ...
Here, p is the (positive) length of the line segment perpendicular to the line and delimited by the origin and the line, and is the (oriented) angle from the x-axis to this segment. It may be useful to express the equation in terms of the angle α = φ + π / 2 {\displaystyle \alpha =\varphi +\pi /2} between the x -axis and the line.
Line segment, part of a line bounded by two end points; Circular segment, the region of a circle cut off from the rest by a secant or chord; Spherical segment, the solid defined by cutting a sphere with a pair of parallel planes; Arc (geometry), a closed segment of a differentiable curve
Chord: a line segment whose endpoints lie on the circle, thus dividing a circle into two segments. Circumference: the length of one circuit along the circle, or the distance around the circle. Diameter: a line segment whose endpoints lie on the circle and that passes through the centre; or the length of such a line segment. This is the largest ...
This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...
Latin and Greek letters are used in mathematics, science, engineering, and other areas where mathematical notation is used as symbols for constants, special functions, and also conventionally for variables representing certain quantities.
Fiber bundles became their own object of study in the period 1935–1940. The first general definition appeared in the works of Whitney. [11] Whitney came to the general definition of a fiber bundle from his study of a more particular notion of a sphere bundle, [12] that is a fiber bundle whose fiber is a sphere of arbitrary dimension. [13]