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This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...
Biologists can study life at multiple levels of organization, [1] from the molecular biology of a cell to the anatomy and physiology of plants and animals, and the evolution of populations. [1] [6] Hence, there are multiple subdisciplines within biology, each defined by the nature of their research questions and the tools that they use.
Marine biology – study of ocean ecosystems, plants, animals, and other living beings. Microbiology – study of microscopic organisms (microorganisms) and their interactions with other living things. Bacteriology – study of bacteria; Immunology – study of immune systems in all organisms. Mycology – study of fungi
Different kinds of living creatures studied in life sciences top: an animal (Goliath beetle) and microorganisms (E. coli bacteria) bottom: a plant (tree fern) and humans Part of a series on Science General History Literature Method Philosophy Branches Formal Natural Physical Life Social Applied In society Communication Community Education Funding Policy Pseudoscience Scientist Science portal ...
The classification of living things into animals and plants is an ancient one. Aristotle (384–322 BC) classified animal species in his History of Animals , while his pupil Theophrastus ( c. 371 – c. 287 BC ) wrote a parallel work, the Historia Plantarum , on plants.
In biology, taxonomic rank (which some authors prefer to call nomenclatural rank [1] because ranking is part of nomenclature rather than taxonomy proper, according to some definitions of these terms) is the relative or absolute level of a group of organisms (a taxon) in a hierarchy that reflects evolutionary
[8] [9] Philosophical definitions of life have also been put forward, with similar difficulties on how to distinguish living things from the non-living. [10] Legal definitions of life have been debated, though these generally focus on the decision to declare a human dead, and the legal ramifications of this decision. [ 11 ]
An organism is any living thing that functions as an individual. [1] Such a definition raises more problems than it solves, not least because the concept of an individual is also difficult. Many criteria, few of them widely accepted, have been proposed to define what an organism is.