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A schematic of a grout curtain, see drill holes and grouted area. A grout curtain is a barrier that protects the foundation of a dam from seepage and can be made during initial construction or during repair. [1] Additionally, they can be used to strengthen foundations and contain spills.
Penetrating sealers often require the use of special cleaners which both clean and top up the repellent ingredient left on the stone surface. These sealers are often breathable to a certain degree, but do not penetrate deeply enough (generally less than 1mm) to be effective against salt attack, such as efflorescence and spalling.
Sealants were first used in prehistory in the broadest sense as mud, grass and reeds to seal dwellings from the weather [3] such as the daub in wattle and daub and thatching. Natural sealants and adhesive-sealants included plant resins such as pine pitch and birch pitch , bitumen , wax , tar , natural gum , clay (mud) mortar, lime mortar , lead ...
Solid bars are usually installed into pre-drilled holes and then grouted into place using a separate grout line, whereas hollow bars may be drilled and grouted simultaneously by the use of a sacrificial drill bit and by pumping grout down the hollow bar as drilling progresses. Kinetic methods of firing relatively short bars into soil slopes ...