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A process flow diagram (PFD) is a diagram commonly used in chemical and process engineering to indicate the general flow of plant processes and equipment. The PFD displays the relationship between major equipment of a plant facility and does not show minor details such as piping details and designations.
Heavy construction equipment is usually used due to the amounts of material to be moved — up to millions of cubic metres. Earthwork construction was revolutionized by the development of the scraper and other earth-moving machines such as the loader, the dump truck, the grader, the bulldozer, the backhoe, and the dragline excavator.
Activity diagrams [1] are graphical representations of workflows of stepwise activities and actions [2] with support for choice, iteration, and concurrency. In the Unified Modeling Language, activity diagrams are intended to model both computational and organizational processes (i.e., workflows), as well as the data flows intersecting with the related activities.
The first structured method for documenting process flow, the flow process chart, was introduced by Frank Gilbreth to members of American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) in 1921 as the presentation “Process Charts—First Steps in Finding the One Best Way”. [5] Gilbreth's tools quickly found their way into industrial engineering ...
A simple flowchart representing a process for dealing with a non-functioning lamp.. A flowchart is a type of diagram that represents a workflow or process.A flowchart can also be defined as a diagrammatic representation of an algorithm, a step-by-step approach to solving a task.
It is used when observing a physical process, to record actions as they happen, and thus get an accurate description of the process. It is used when analyzing the steps in a process, to help identify and eliminate waste—thus, it is a tool for efficiency planning. It is used when the process is mostly sequential, containing few decisions.
It is customary to write full-text use cases during the construction phase and each one becomes the start of a new iteration. Common Unified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams used during this phase include activity diagrams , sequence diagrams , collaboration diagrams , state transition diagrams and interaction overview diagrams .
Architect-led design–build projects are those in which interdisciplinary teams of architects and building trades professionals collaborate in an agile management process, where design strategy and construction expertise are seamlessly integrated, and the architect, as owner-advocate, project-steward and team-leader, ensures high fidelity ...