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Historia general de el Reyno de Chile: Flandes Indiano Vol. 2 Libro V La Ruina de las Siete Ciudades; Crescente Errázuriz, Seis años de la historia de Chile: 23 de diciembre de 1598- 9 de abril de 1605: memoria histórica, Impr. Nacional, Santiago de Chile, 1881. Atlas de Historia de Chile, Editorial Universitaria, ISBN 956-11-1776-2 pg. 48
The Mapuche uprising of 1655 (Spanish: alzamiento mapuche de 1655 or levantamiento mapuche de 1655) was a series of coordinated Mapuche attacks against Spanish settlements and forts in colonial Chile. It was the worst military crisis in Chile in decades, and contemporaries even considered the possibility of a civil war among the Spanish. [1]
Over the next few years, the Mapuche were able to destroy or force the abandonment of many cities and minor settlements including all the seven Spanish cities in Mapuche territory south of the Bio Bio River: Santa Cruz de Coya (1599), Santa María la Blanca de Valdivia (1599), San Andrés de Los Infantes (1599), La Imperial (1600), Santa María ...
The Parliament of Tapihue of 1825 was a diplomatic agreement between fourteen Mapuche reductions and the newly established Republic of Chile. [1]: 180 : 184–185 The Mapuche reductions were represented by the lonko Juan Mariluán and the republic by Colonel Pedro Barnachea.
The Parliament of Quillín (Killen) was a diplomatic meeting held in 1641 between various Mapuche groups and Spanish authorities held in the fields of Quillín. With the ensuing treaty the Spanish sought an end to the hostilities of the Arauco War in order to concentrate the empire's resources in fighting the Catalans in Europe.
The Mapuche conflict (Spanish: conflicto mapuche) involves indigenous Mapuche communities, historically known as the Araucanians, [7] located in Araucanía and nearby regions of Chile and Argentina. The first attack, marking the beginning of the period of violence in the Southern Macrozone of Chile, occurred in December 1997 with the burning of ...
Lautaro (Anglicized as 'Levtaru') (Mapudungun: Lef-Traru "swift hawk") (Spanish pronunciation:; c. 1534 – April 29, 1557) was a young Mapuche toqui known for leading the indigenous resistance against Spanish conquest in Chile and developing the tactics that would continue to be employed by the Mapuche during the long-running Arauco War.
Toqui (or Toki) (Mapudungun for axe or axe-bearer) is a title conferred by the Mapuche (an indigenous Chilean and Argentinian [1] people) on those chosen as leaders during times of war. The toqui is chosen in an assembly or parliament ( coyag ) of the chieftains ( loncos ) of various clans ( Rehues ) or confederation of clans ( Aillarehues ...