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Separations exploit differences in chemical properties or physical properties (such as size, shape, charge, mass, density, or chemical affinity) between the constituents of a mixture. Processes are often classified according to the particular properties they exploit to achieve separation.
Here are a number of common separation techniques: Chromatography is the separation of a mixture by passing it in solution or suspension, or as a vapor (as in gas chromatography), through a medium in which the components move at different rates.
This course covers the general principles of separation by equilibrium and rate processes. Topics include staged cascades and applications to distillation, absorption, adsorption, and membrane processes.
separation processes in this handbook involve the movement of species between gas and liquid phases. Diffusion-based Mass Transfer = molar flux of relative to the molar-average velocity of the mixture in the direction
Chemical engineers must understand the science of separation and the variety of ways that separation can take place. There are many ways to perform a separation some of these including: distillation, absorption, stripping, and extraction.
To accomplish the separation we use a porous medium through which only the analyte or the interferent can pass. Examples of size-based separations include filtration, dialysis, and size-exclusion. In a filtration we separate a particulate interferent from soluble analytes using a filter with a pore size that will retain the interferent.
Separation and purification in chemistry refers to the combination of processes used to isolate and refine components of a mixture. Separation and purification have a large number of applications, particularly in fields such as medicine and manufacturing.