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Educational research refers to the systematic collection and analysis of evidence and data related to the field of education. Research may involve a variety of methods [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] and various aspects of education including student learning, interaction, teaching methods , teacher training, and classroom dynamics.
The educational-technology branch of an education system conceptualizes and develops ICT in education, integrating it with curriculum frameworks, staff development and management. The focus of educational technology has shifted to online and web-based applications, learning portals, flipped classrooms and a variety of social networks for ...
The American Association of University Professors (AAUP) was the first organization to formulate a statement on the governance of higher education based on principles of democratic values and participation (which, in this sense, correlates with the Yale Report of 1828, which has been referred to as the "first attempt at a formally stated philosophy of education" for universities, emphasizing ...
The PRISMA flow diagram, depicting the flow of information through the different phases of a systematic review. PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) is an evidence-based minimum set of items aimed at helping scientific authors to report a wide array of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, primarily used to assess the benefits and harms of a health care ...
In natural and social science research, a protocol is most commonly a predefined procedural method in the design and implementation of an experiment.Protocols are written whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories.
A key goal of IRBs is to protect human subjects from physical or psychological harm, which they attempt to do by reviewing research protocols and related materials. The protocol review assesses the ethics of the research and its methods, promotes fully informed and voluntary participation by prospective subjects, and seeks to maximize the ...
Evidence-based education is related to evidence-based teaching, [2] [3] [4] evidence-based learning, [5] and school effectiveness research. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] The evidence-based education movement has its roots in the larger movement towards evidence-based practices , and has been the subject of considerable debate since the late 1990s. [ 8 ]
Learning standards can also take the form of learning objectives and content-specific standards and controlled vocabulary, [4] as well as metadata about content. [5] There are technical standards for encoding these standards that deal with K-12 learning environments, [6] which are separate from those in higher education [7] and private business ...