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Men of higher social status became officers. [3] Each country devised a mobilisation system whereby the reserves could be called up quickly and sent to key points by rail. Every year the plans were updated and increased in complexity. Each country stockpiled arms and supplies for an army that ran into the millions.
World War I mobilization, 1 August 1914. Germany's population had already responded to the outbreak of war in 1914 with a complex mix of emotions, in a similar way to the populations of emotions in the United Kingdom; notions of universal enthusiasm known as the Spirit of 1914 have been challenged by more recent scholarship. [1]
Also on 9 November, Max von Baden handed the office of chancellor to Friedrich Ebert, a Social Democrat who the same day became co-chair of the Council of the People's Deputies. [24] Two days later, on behalf of the new government, Matthias Erzberger of the Catholic Centre Party signed the armistice at Compiègne.
Before World War II, the events of 1914–1918 were generally known as the Great War or simply the World War. [1] In August 1914, the magazine The Independent wrote "This is the Great War. It names itself". [2] In October 1914, the Canadian magazine Maclean's similarly wrote, "Some wars name themselves. This is the Great War."
Year Date Event Source 2002: 1 January: Physical Euro currency was introduced. The Deutsche Mark lost its status as legal tender in Germany. 2005: 19 April: Pope Benedict XVI was elected pope. 22 November: Angela Merkel of the CDU became chancellor in coalition with the CSU and SPD. 2006: 9 June – 9 July
Liberia declares war on Germany. August 6–20 Balkan: Battle of Mărăşeşti. August 8–22 Balkan: Third Battle of Oituz. August 14 Politics: China declares war on Germany and Austria-Hungary. [73] [24] August 15–25 Western: Battle of Hill 70 (Continuation of British operations near Lens). August 16–18 Western
The end of World War I became official on the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month. [91] It was the largest war ever fought until World War II 21 years later, with 40 million recorded military and civilian casualties including 9 to 15 million combat deaths. [92]
The Soviet zone of Germany in the east, including the Soviet sector of Berlin, became the communist German Democratic Republic ("East Germany") on 7 October of the same year. [1] on 1 January 1957, the Saar Protectorate (which was separated from Germany on 17 December 1947) became a part the Federal Republic of Germany, [5] as provided by its ...