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Women needed the permission of male guardians to work, and there were many jobs they were legally barred from. Legal reforms around this system only started to take place in the 1960s as a result of economic needs. Women and feminists watched with great interest the process of creating a new Spanish constitution.
Guardianship in Francoist Spain (1939 – 1975) and the democratic transition (1975 – 1985) was a system which provided husbands and fathers with tremendous legal control over women. Male members of the family were able to transfer legal control of their daughters over to the state.
Many of these forms of government were known in Classical antiquity, and pre-date the existence of France. Classical French historiography [ fr ] usually regards Clovis I ( r. 509–511 ) as the first king of France, however historians today consider that such a kingdom didn't begin until the establishment of West Francia in 843.
Francoist Spain was a quasi-fascist state whose ideology rejected what it considered the inorganic democracy of the Second Republic. It was an embrace of organic democracy, defined as a reassertion of traditional Spanish Roman Catholic values that served as a counterpoint to the Communism of the Soviet Union during the same period.
Women in France obtained many reproductive rights in the second half of the 20th century. The Neuwirth Act of 1967 authorized contraception. [9] The Veil Law of 1975 legalized abortion. [9] The maternal mortality rate in France is 8.00 deaths/100,000 live births (as of 2010). [10] France's HIV/AIDS rate is 0.4% of adults (aged 15–49 ...
This largely excluded women, as only widowed women were generally considered heads of household. [5] Women's suffrage also changed because of rules around the age of majority and the voting age. [6] [7] The age of majority for women became 23 as a result of the imposition of the reintroduction of the Civil Code of 1889, Article 321. This ...
The status of women in Spain has evolved from the country's earliest history, culture, and social norms. Throughout the late 20th century, Spain has undergone a transition from Francoist Spain (1939-1975), during which women's rights were severely restricted, to a democratic society where gender equality is a fundamental principle.
The French Constitution established a semi-presidential system of government, with two competing readings. [5] In one reading, the executive branch has both a president of the republic and a prime minister, as is commonly seen in parliamentary systems with a symbolic president and a prime minister who directs the government. [5]