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  2. Power (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_(statistics)

    In addition, the concept of power is used to make comparisons between different statistical testing procedures: for example, between a parametric test and a nonparametric test of the same hypothesis. Tests may have the same size , and hence the same false positive rates, but different ability to detect true effects.

  3. Power law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_law

    In statistics, a power law is a functional relationship between two quantities, where a relative change in one quantity results in a relative change in the other quantity proportional to the change raised to a constant exponent: one quantity varies as a power of another. The change is independent of the initial size of those quantities.

  4. Probability density function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability_density_function

    In probability theory, a probability density function (PDF), density function, or density of an absolutely continuous random variable, is a function whose value at any given sample (or point) in the sample space (the set of possible values taken by the random variable) can be interpreted as providing a relative likelihood that the value of the ...

  5. Statistical mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_mechanics

    In physics, statistical mechanics is a mathematical framework that applies statistical methods and probability theory to large assemblies of microscopic entities. Sometimes called statistical physics or statistical thermodynamics, its applications include many problems in the fields of physics, biology, [1] chemistry, neuroscience, [2] computer science, [3] [4] information theory [5] and ...

  6. List of physics mnemonics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_physics_mnemonics

    A Magic Triangle image mnemonic - when the terms of Ohm's law are arranged in this configuration, covering the unknown gives the formula in terms of the remaining parameters. It can be adapted to similar equations e.g. F = ma , v = fλ , E = mcΔT , V = π r 2 h and τ = rF sin θ .

  7. Boltzmann distribution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boltzmann_distribution

    Boltzmann's distribution is an exponential distribution. Boltzmann factor ⁠ ⁠ (vertical axis) as a function of temperature T for several energy differences ε i − ε j.. In statistical mechanics and mathematics, a Boltzmann distribution (also called Gibbs distribution [1]) is a probability distribution or probability measure that gives the probability that a system will be in a certain ...

  8. Power (physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_(physics)

    Power in mechanical systems is the combination of forces and movement. In particular, power is the product of a force on an object and the object's velocity, or the product of a torque on a shaft and the shaft's angular velocity. Mechanical power is also described as the time derivative of work.

  9. Power transform - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_transform

    In statistics, a power transform is a family of functions applied to create a monotonic transformation of data using power functions.It is a data transformation technique used to stabilize variance, make the data more normal distribution-like, improve the validity of measures of association (such as the Pearson correlation between variables), and for other data stabilization procedures.