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Collection implementations in pre-JDK 1.2 versions of the Java platform included few data structure classes, but did not contain a collections framework. [4] The standard methods for grouping Java objects were via the array, the Vector, and the Hashtable classes, which unfortunately were not easy to extend, and did not implement a standard member interface.
Introduced in the Java JDK 1.2 release, the java.util.Iterator interface allows the iteration of container classes. Each Iterator provides a next() and hasNext() method, [18]: 294–295 and may optionally support a remove() [18]: 262, 266 method. Iterators are created by the corresponding container class, typically by a method named iterator().
For unordered access as defined in the java.util.Map interface, the java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap implements java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap. [2] The mechanism is a hash access to a hash table with lists of entries, each entry holding a key, a value, the hash, and a next reference.
Class methods – linked to the class itself and can only use class variables. Instance methods – belong to individual objects, and can use both instance and class variables; Classes may inherit from other classes, creating a hierarchy of "subclasses". For example, an "Employee" class might inherit from a "Person" class.
In object-oriented programming, the iterator pattern is a design pattern in which an iterator is used to traverse a container and access the container's elements. The iterator pattern decouples algorithms from containers; in some cases, algorithms are necessarily container-specific and thus cannot be decoupled.
It implicitly calls the IntoIterator::into_iter method on the expression, and uses the resulting value, which must implement the Iterator trait. If the expression is itself an iterator, it is used directly by the for loop through an implementation of IntoIterator for all Iterators that returns the iterator unchanged.
Here is a small excerpt from the definition of the interfaces java.util.List and java.util.Iterator in package java.util: interface List < E > { void add ( E x ); Iterator < E > iterator (); } interface Iterator < E > { E next (); boolean hasNext (); }
Due to their usefulness, they were later included in several other implementations of the C++ Standard Library (e.g., the GNU Compiler Collection's (GCC) libstdc++ [2] and the Visual C++ (MSVC) standard library). The hash_* class templates were proposed into C++ Technical Report 1 (C++ TR1) and were accepted under names unordered_*. [3]