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The boiling point of water is the temperature at which the saturated vapor pressure equals the ambient pressure. Water supercooled below its normal freezing point has a higher vapor pressure than that of ice at the same temperature and is, thus, unstable. Calculations of the (saturation) vapor pressure of water are commonly used in meteorology.
David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition.CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 6, Fluid Properties; Vapor Pressure Uncertainties of several degrees should generally be assumed.
where p is the vapor pressure, T is temperature (in °C or in K according to the value of C) and A, B and C are component-specific constants. The simplified form with C set to zero: = is the August equation, after the German physicist Ernst Ferdinand August (1795–1870). The August equation describes a linear relation between the logarithm ...
At the normal boiling point of a liquid, the vapor pressure is equal to the standard atmospheric pressure defined as 1 atmosphere, [1] 760 Torr, 101.325 kPa, or 14.69595 psi. For example, at any given temperature, methyl chloride has the highest vapor pressure of any of the liquids in the chart.
where temperature T is in degrees Celsius (°C) and saturation vapor pressure P is in kilopascals (kPa). According to Monteith and Unsworth, "Values of saturation vapour pressure from Tetens' formula are within 1 Pa of exact values up to 35 °C." Murray (1967) provides Tetens' equation for temperatures below 0 °C: [3]
When these fluctuations were explained as a manifestation of changes in atmospheric pressure, the science of meteorology was born. Over time, 760 millimeters of mercury at 0 °C came to be regarded as the standard atmospheric pressure. In honour of Torricelli, the torr was defined as a unit of pressure equal to one millimeter of mercury at 0 °C.
Heat capacity, c p? J/(mol K) Liquid properties Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ f H o liquid –271.2 kJ/mol Standard molar entropy, S o liquid: 253.5 J/(mol K) Enthalpy of combustion, Δ c H o –2726.3 kJ/mol Heat capacity, c p: 172.0 J/(mol K) Gas properties Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ f H o gas –252.7 kJ/mol Standard molar ...
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