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The classification of mobile phone signals as "possibly carcinogenic to humans" by the World Health Organization (WHO) — "a positive association has been observed between exposure to the agent and cancer for which a causal interpretation is considered by the Working Group to be credible, but chance, bias or confounding could not be ruled out ...
The potential effects of electromagnetic fields on human health vary widely depending on the frequency, intensity of the fields, and the length of the exposure. Low frequency, low intensity, and short duration exposure to electromagnetic radiation is generally considered safe. [17]
The electromotive force generated by motion is often referred to as motional emf. When the change in flux linkage arises from a change in the magnetic field around the stationary conductor, the emf is dynamically induced. The electromotive force generated by a time-varying magnetic field is often referred to as transformer emf.
The HPA also says that due to the mobile phone's adaptive power ability, a DECT cordless phone's radiation could actually exceed the radiation of a mobile phone. The HPA explains that while the DECT cordless phone's radiation has an average output power of 10 mW, it is actually in the form of 100 bursts per second of 250 mW, a strength comparable to some mobile phones.
Therefore, emf is expressed as = (+) where is emf and v is the unit charge velocity. In a macroscopic view, for charges on a segment of the loop, v consists of two components in average; one is the velocity of the charge along the segment v t , and the other is the velocity of the segment v l (the loop is deformed or moved).
A pulp and paper mill in New Brunswick, Canada. Although pulp and paper manufacturing requires large amounts of energy, a portion of it comes from burning wood residue. The environmental impact of paper are significant, which has led to changes in industry and behaviour at both business and personal levels.
Paper recovery, instead of landfilling can reduce the global warming potential of paper products by 15 to 25%. [51] At pulp and paper mills in the U.S., the GHG emission rate expressed in tons of carbon dioxide equivalents per ton of production has been reduced by 55.8% since 1972, 23.1% since 2000, and 3.9% compared to 2010. [52]
However, there are many differences in animal and human biology, and there can be a lot of uncertainty when interpreting the results of animal studies for their implications for human health. [16] Exposure science studies human exposure to environmental contaminants by both identifying and quantifying exposures. Exposure science can be used to ...