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A map showing the extent of three major cultures within the American Southwest and Northern Mexico with modern borders to provide geographical context. The Pre-Columbian culture of the American Southwest and Northern Mexico evolved into three major archaeological culture areas, sometimes referred to as Oasisamerica.
Hohokam is a term borrowed from the O'odham language, used to define an archaeological culture that relied on irrigation canals to water their crops since as early as the 9th century CE. Their irrigation system techniques allowed for its adherents to expand into the largest population in the Southwest by 1300.
Ancestral Puebloans spanned Northern Arizona and New Mexico, Southern Colorado and Utah, and a part of Southeastern Nevada. They primarily lived north of the Patayan, Sinagua, Hohokam, Trincheras, Mogollon, and Casas Grandes cultures of the Southwest [1] and south of the Fremont culture of the Great Basin.
Part of the migration was along the Rocky Mountains before arriving in the present-day southwest United States. [12] Initially, the Navajo were largely hunters and gatherers. Later, they adopted farming from Pueblo people, growing mainly the traditional Native American "Three Sisters" of corn, beans, and squash.
The Navajo, along with the Hopi, were the earliest of the modern Indian tribes to develop in the Southwest. Around AD 1100 their culture began to develop in the Four Corners area of the region. [50] The Navajos migrated from northwestern Canada and eastern Alaska, where the majority of Athabaskan speakers reside. [51]
The American Indian archaic culture eventually evolved into three major prehistoric archaeological culture areas in the American Southwest and Northern Mexico. These cultures, sometimes referred to as Oasisamerica , are characterized by dependence on agriculture, formal social stratification, population clusters and major architecture.
The Archaic Southwest was the culture of the North American Southwest between 6500 BC and 200 AD ... The Paleo-Indian tradition before that dates from 10,500 BC to ...
Mogollon culture (/ ˌ m oʊ ɡ ə ˈ j oʊ n /) [1] is a pre-historic archaeological culture of Native American peoples from Southern New Mexico and Arizona, Northern Sonora and Chihuahua, and Western Texas. The northern part of this region is Oasisamerica, [2] [3] [4] while the southern span of the Mogollon culture is known as Aridoamerica. [5]