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1918–1922 Russia typhus epidemic: Typhus: 2–3 million 1–1.6% of Russian population [14] 1918–1922 Russia: 13 Cocoliztli epidemic of 1576: Cocoliztli 2–2.5 million 50% of Mexican population [12] 1576–1580 Mexico 14 1772–1773 Persian Plague: Bubonic plague 2 million – 1772–1773 Persia: 15 735–737 Japanese smallpox epidemic ...
The 1976 Legionnaires' disease outbreak, occurring in the late summer in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States at an annual American Legion convention, was the first occasion in which a cluster of a particular type of pneumonia cases were determined to be caused by the Legionella pneumophila bacteria. Previous outbreaks were retroactively ...
The initial impetus for tropical medicine was to protect the health of colonial settlers, notably in India under the British Raj. [2] Insects such as mosquitoes and flies are by far the most common disease carrier, or vector. These insects may carry a parasite, bacterium or virus that is infectious to humans and animals.
Smallpox is the first disease, and so far the only infectious disease of humans, to be eradicated by deliberate intervention. [6] It became the first disease for which there was an effective vaccine in 1798 when Edward Jenner showed the protective effect of inoculation (vaccination) of humans with material from cowpox lesions. [10]
A Marburg virus disease outbreak in Tanzania was first reported on 21 March 2023 by the Ministry of Health of Tanzania. [111] This was the first time that Tanzania had reported an outbreak of the disease. On 2 June 2023, Tanzania declared the outbreak over. [112] There were 9 total infections, resulting in 6 total deaths. [63] [64]
The CDC says Lyme is the most common vector-borne disease in the U.S., caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi or, less commonly, Borrelia mayonii. Humans get it through the bite of infected ...
The onset of symptoms was sudden and death often occurred within hours. Sweating sickness epidemics were unique compared with other disease outbreaks of the time: whereas other epidemics were typically urban and long-lasting, cases of sweating sickness spiked and receded very quickly, and heavily affected rural populations. [2]
An epidemic (from Greek ἐπί epi "upon or above" and δῆμος demos "people") is the rapid spread of disease to a large number of hosts in a given population within a short period of time. For example, in meningococcal infections, an attack rate in excess of 15 cases per 100,000 people for two consecutive weeks is considered an epidemic ...