Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
The NAG Library has C++ API; NTL is a C++ library for number theory. OpenFOAM is an open-source C++ library for solving partial differential equations in computational fluid dynamics (CFD). SU2 code is an open-source library for solving partial differential equations with the finite volume or finite element method.
Karatsuba multiplication of az+b and cz+d (boxed), and 1234 and 567 with z=100. Magenta arrows denote multiplication, amber denotes addition, silver denotes subtraction and cyan denotes left shift. (A), (B) and (C) show recursion with z=10 to obtain intermediate values. The Karatsuba algorithm is a fast multiplication algorithm.
Graphs of functions commonly used in the analysis of algorithms, showing the number of operations versus input size for each function. The following tables list the computational complexity of various algorithms for common mathematical operations.
This problem has been addressed in literature [9] [10] and several constant time implementations are known. The constant time Montgomery ladder algorithm is as given below which uses two functions CSwap and Ladder-Step. In the return value of the algorithm Z 2 p-2 is the value of Z 2 −1 computed using the Fermat's little theorem.
Note that C99 and C++ do not implement complex numbers in a code-compatible way – the latter instead provides the class std:: complex. All operations on complex numbers are defined in the <complex.h> header. As with the real-valued functions, an f or l suffix denotes the float complex or long double complex variant of the function.
replacing integer multiplication by a constant with a combination of shifts, adds or subtracts; replacing integer division by a constant with a multiplication, taking advantage of the limited range of machine integers. [3] This method also works if divisor is a non-integer sufficiently greater than 1, e.g. √2 or π. [4]
The algorithm first finds the largest value among the n i and then the supremum within the set of { n i \ i ≠ M}. Then it raises x M to the power q, multiplies this value with x N, and then assigns x N the result of this computation and n M the value n M modulo n N.
This is a consequence of the fact that, because gcd(R, N) = 1, multiplication by R is an isomorphism on the additive group Z/NZ. For example, (7 + 15) mod 17 = 5, which in Montgomery form becomes (3 + 4) mod 17 = 7. Multiplication in Montgomery form, however, is seemingly more complicated.