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Geospatial topology is the study and application of qualitative spatial relationships between geographic features, or between representations of such features in geographic information, such as in geographic information systems (GIS). [1] For example, the fact that two regions overlap or that one contains the other are examples of topological ...
A three-dimensional model of a figure-eight knot.The figure-eight knot is a prime knot and has an Alexander–Briggs notation of 4 1.. Topology (from the Greek words τόπος, 'place, location', and λόγος, 'study') is the branch of mathematics concerned with the properties of a geometric object that are preserved under continuous deformations, such as stretching, twisting, crumpling ...
Because the world is much more complex than can be represented in a computer, all geospatial data are incomplete approximations of the world. [9] Thus, most geospatial data models encode some form of strategy for collecting a finite sample of an often infinite domain, and a structure to organize the sample in such a way as to enable interpolation of the nature of the unsampled portion.
The Database of Original & Non-Theoretical Uses of Topology (DONUT) is a database of scholarly articles featuring practical applications of topological data analysis to various areas of science. DONUT was started in 2017 by Barbara Giunti, Janis Lazovskis, and Bastian Rieck, [ 126 ] and as of October 2023 currently contains 447 articles. [ 127 ]
[12]: 218 A topology rulebase is a list of desired topology rules used to enforce spatial integrity in spaghetti data, such as "county polygons must not overlap" and "state polygons must share boundaries with county polygons." [13] Vector datasets usually represent discrete geographical features, such as buildings, trees, and counties.
A geographic information system (GIS) can recognize and analyze the spatial relationships that exist within digitally stored spatial data. These topological relationships allow complex spatial modelling and analysis to be performed. Topological relationships between geometric entities traditionally include adjacency (what adjoins what ...
A map of the New York City Subway, an example of a topological map. An office environment consisting of two rooms connected by a hallway. A topological map is super-imposed.
Web GIS (also known as Web-Based GIS), or Web Geographic Information Systems, are GIS that employ the World Wide Web to facilitate the storage, visualization, analysis, and distribution of spatial information over the Internet.