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The Fourteenth Amendment (Amendment XIV) to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments.Usually considered one of the most consequential amendments, it addresses citizenship rights and equal protection under the law and was proposed in response to issues related to formerly enslaved Americans following the American Civil War.
The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), also known as Indian Affairs (IA), [2] is a United States federal agency within the Department of the Interior.It is responsible for implementing federal laws and policies related to Native Americans and Alaska Natives, and administering and managing over 55,700,000 acres (225,000 km 2) of reservations held in trust by the U.S. federal government for ...
Indian activists from around the country joined them at Pine Ridge, and the occupation became a symbol of rising American Indian identity and power. Federal law enforcement officials and the national guard cordoned off the town, and the two sides had a standoff for 71 days. During much gunfire, one United States Marshal was wounded and ...
His tenure is most remembered for his apology to the Native American people for the past conduct of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. [ 3 ] In addition to his federal service, Gover has served on the faculty of the Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law at Arizona State University .
Evolution of a University [permanent dead link ], a series on ASU's history and future plans printed in The State Press from Nov. 4–6, 2008 50 years ago, voters endorse name change for Arizona State; Longtime employees look back at past 50 years’ ASU presidents; Crow’s vision attracts both praise, criticism
She is Native American and is an enrolled member of the Hopi tribe. [7] She earned an associate degree from Phoenix College in 1985, then graduated from Arizona State University in 1987 with a Bachelor of Science. From 1987 to 1990, Humetewa worked as a victim advocate for the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Arizona federal judicial district.
Census rolls refer to tribal rolls recording the general population of American Indian and Alaska Native tribes and bands. Between 1885 and 1940, the Bureau of Indian Affairs created annual census rolls of citizens of federally recognized tribes. These rolls are known as "Indian Census Rolls". [1]
The American Indian Defense Association, headed by John Collier, was established to oppose the Bursum and the Leavitt Bills, both of which sought to end Pueblo ties to their lands and outlaw cultural practices. These groups merged in the 1930s and eventually consolidated under the name the Association on American Indian Affairs.