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Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) is a measure of the number of neutrophil granulocytes [1] (also known as polymorphonuclear cells, PMN's, polys, granulocytes, segmented neutrophils or segs) present in the blood. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that fights against infection.
The stated normal range for human blood counts varies between laboratories, but a neutrophil count of 2.5–7.5 × 10 9 /L is a standard normal range. People of African and Middle Eastern descent may have lower counts, which are still normal. [17] A report may divide neutrophils into segmented neutrophils and bands.
A white blood cell differential is a medical laboratory test that provides information about the types and amounts of white blood cells in a person's blood. The test, which is usually ordered as part of a complete blood count (CBC), measures the amounts of the five normal white blood cell types – neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils – as well as abnormal cell ...
Neutropenia indicates a deficiency of neutrophils (the most common granulocyte cell) only. [citation needed] To be precise, neutropenia is the term normally used to describe absolute neutrophil counts (ANCs) of less than 500 cells per microlitre, whereas agranulocytosis is reserved for cases with ANCs of less than 100 cells per microlitre.
Granulocytopenia is an abnormally low concentration of granulocytes in the blood. This condition reduces the body's resistance to many infections. Closely related terms include agranulocytosis (etymologically, "no granulocytes at all"; clinically, granulocyte levels less than 5% of normal) and neutropenia (deficiency of neutrophil granulocytes).
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is recommended to temporarily increase neutrophil counts in patients with absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) of less than 0.5 x 10 9 /l and recurrent fever or infections. [6] [7] In cases of severe infection or the need for surgery, intravenous immunoglobulin therapy may be used. [8]
Neutrophils are the primary white blood cells that respond to a bacterial infection, so the most common cause of neutrophilia is a bacterial infection, especially pyogenic infections.
During the condition, which lasts for three to six days and tends to occur approximately every three weeks (but can range from 14 to 36 days), [2] [3] the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) is less than 200-500 cells/μL (<0.2-0.5x10 9 /L), with increase of monocyte counts, and mild oscillations of other cells, including a mild anemia.