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Free French Africa (French: Afrique française libre, sometimes abbreviated to AFL) was the political entity which collectively represented the colonial territories of French Equatorial Africa and Cameroon under the control of Free France in World War II.
Although the Napoleonic Wars distracted the attention of Europe from exploratory work in Africa, those wars nevertheless exercised great influence on the future of the continent, both in Egypt and South Africa. The occupation of Egypt (1798–1803), first by France and then by Great Britain, resulted in an effort by the Ottoman Empire to regain ...
The French protectorate of Tunisia was established in 1881, following a swift military invasion, [3] and the French protectorate in Morocco in 1912, following a prolonged military campaign. These lasted until 1956 when both protectorates gained full independence, Tunisia on 20 March and Morocco on 7 April.
By 1943, all of the colonies, except for Indochina under Japanese control, had joined the Free French cause. [111] The overseas empire helped liberate France as 300,000 North African Arabs fought in the ranks of the Free French. [112] However Charles de Gaulle had no intention of liberating the colonies.
The Scramble for Africa [a] was the invasion, conquest, and colonisation of most of Africa by seven Western European powers driven by the Second Industrial Revolution during the late 19th century and early 20th century in the era of "New Imperialism": Belgium, France, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Portugal and Spain.
While the British sought to follow a process of gradual transfer of power and thus independence, the French policy of assimilation faced some resentment, especially in North Africa. [22] The granting of independence in March 1956 to Morocco and Tunisia allowed a concentration on Algeria where there was a long ( 1954–62 ) and bloody armed ...
French Algeria (French: Alger until 1839, then Algérie afterwards; [1] unofficially Algérie française, [2] [3] Arabic: الجزائر المستعمرة), also known as Colonial Algeria, was the period of Algerian history when the country was a colony and later an integral part of France.
The prospects of French occupation relied on the control of this area as it was a strategic entry into the Algerian interior. [7] The Mitidja resistance [ ar ] was the first armed popular resistance of Algerians against the French presence, which was generalized throughout the country and continued until the beginning of the 20th century.