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The work of forces generated by a potential function is known as potential energy and the forces are said to be conservative. Therefore, work on an object that is merely displaced in a conservative force field , without change in velocity or rotation, is equal to minus the change of potential energy E p of the object, W = − Δ E p ...
"High school physics textbooks" (PDF). Reports on high school physics. American Institute of Physics; Zitzewitz, Paul W. (2005). Physics: principles and problems. New York: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0078458132
More Magic Triangle image mnemonics in the style of a cheat-sheet for high-school physics – in the SVG file, hover over a symbol for its meaning and formula. This is a categorized list of physics mnemonics .
In classical mechanics, the central-force problem is to determine the motion of a particle in a single central potential field.A central force is a force (possibly negative) that points from the particle directly towards a fixed point in space, the center, and whose magnitude only depends on the distance of the object to the center.
For example, the photons emitted by a radio station broadcast at the frequency ν = 100 MHz, have an energy content of νh = (1 × 10 8) × (6.6 × 10 −34) = 6.6 × 10 −26 J, where h is the Planck constant. The wavelength of the station is λ = c/ν = 3 m, so that λ/(2π) = 48 cm and the volume is 0.109 m 3.
The negative sign provides the convention that work done against a force field increases potential energy, while work done by the force field decreases potential energy. Common notations for potential energy are PE, U, V, and E p. Potential energy is the energy by virtue of an object's position relative to other objects. [5]
Energy may be released from a potential well if sufficient energy is added to the system such that the local maximum is surmounted. In quantum physics, potential energy may escape a potential well without added energy due to the probabilistic characteristics of quantum particles; in these cases a particle may be imagined to tunnel through the walls of a potential well.
The work per unit of charge is defined as the movement of negligible test charge between two points, and is expressed as the difference in electric potential at those points. The work can be done, for example, by generators , ( electrochemical cells ) or thermocouples generating an electromotive force .