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The Malay language in Indonesia and Malaysia also differs in recognition, where in Malaysia it enjoys status as the national language (Malaysian language), [10] while in Indonesia it is considered a regional language in Malay-speaking areas such as the eastern coast of Sumatra and West Kalimantan.
Indonesian is the national language in Indonesia by Article 36 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, while "Malay" (bahasa Melayu) has been recognised as the ethnic languages of Malay in Indonesia alongside Malay-based trade and creole languages and other ethnic languages. Malaysia and Singapore use a common standard Malay. [28]
The Malayic languages are a branch of the Malayo-Polynesian subgroup of the Austronesian language family. [1] The two most prominent members of this branch are Indonesian and Malay. Indonesian is the official language of Indonesia and has evolved as a standardized form of Malay with distinct influences from local languages and historical factors.
Like many regional languages in Indonesia, the dominance of standard Indonesian as the national language and its role in education and professional settings have contributed to a gradual replacement of local Sambas Malay vocabulary with Indonesian equivalents.
Pontianak Malay is one of the two major varieties of Malayic languages spoken in West Kalimantan, the other being Sambas Malay. [7] Speakers of Malayic languages are spread from Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Southern Thailand, to the southernmost part of the Philippines.
Bangka Malay, like many other regional languages in Indonesia, lacks a standardized phonological system. Each dialect may also have unique phonological features not found in other dialects. Nevertheless, the phonological system of most Bangka Malay dialects is largely based on standard Indonesian orthography.
Belitung Malay is a vernacular Malay variety that shares linguistic features with peninsular Malay, Eastern Sumatra Malay, and the Malay variety of West Kalimantan. [2] Belitung Malay exhibits a closer resemblance to the Malay spoken in Sumatra and Kalimantan than to standard Jakarta Indonesian , particularly in terms of phonology and lexicon .
Malay Indonesians (Malay/Indonesian: Orang Melayu Indonesia; Jawi: اورڠ ملايو ايندونيسيا ) are ethnic Malays living throughout Indonesia. They are one of the indigenous peoples of the country. [5] Indonesian, the national language of Indonesia, is a standardized form of Riau Malay.