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Passive-aggressive behavior is characterized by a pattern of passive hostility and an avoidance of direct communication. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Inaction where some action is socially customary is a typical passive-aggressive strategy (showing up late for functions, staying silent when a response is expected). [ 2 ]
Passive–aggressive [personality disorder] was listed as an Axis II personality disorder in the DSM-III-R, but was moved in the DSM-IV to Appendix B ("Criteria Sets and Axes Provided for Further Study") because of controversy and the need for further research on how to also categorize the behaviors in a future edition. According to DSM-IV ...
A form of passive-aggressive behavior, [3] it is often associated with poor management-labor relationships, micromanagement, a generalized lack of confidence in leadership, and resistance to changes perceived as pointless, duplicative, dangerous, or otherwise undesirable. It is common in organizations with top-down management structures lacking ...
"Passive-aggressive behavior is an indirect and passive form of communication, which can either be verbal or nonverbal," says Dr. Robert Yeilding, Psy.D., a clinical psychologist. "The passive ...
"Passive-aggressive behavior refers to a pattern of indirectly expressing negative feelings while avoiding openly addressing them," explains Dr. Joel Frank, Psy.
If you're dealing with someone who is passive aggressive (or that person is you), here are the signs, examples, and how to communicate better, per experts.
The Passive-Aggressive style incorporates aspects of both passive and aggressive communication styles. Individuals utilizing this style appear passive but act out their anger indirectly. [ 1 ] People who develop this communication style usually feel powerless, resentful, and stuck. [ 2 ]
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