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The full genetic basis of hair color is complex and not fully understood. [1] Regulatory DNA is believed to be closely involved in pigmentation in humans in general, [2] and a 2011 study by Branicki et al. identified 13 DNA variations across 11 different genes that could be used to predict hair color.
Red hair, also known as ginger hair, is a human hair color found in 2–6% of people of Northern or Northwestern European ancestry and lesser frequency in other populations. It is most common in individuals homozygous for a recessive allele on chromosome 16 that produces an altered version of the MC1R protein.
The Fischer–Saller Scale, named for eugenicist Eugen Fischer and German anthropologist Karl Saller , is used in physical anthropology and medicine to determine the shades of hair color. The scale uses the following designations: [1] [2] [3] [4]
Hair color is the same way, sometimes, babies are born with very light colored hair that gradually darkens. ... Due to a genetic mutation, a human was born with a tiny switch right before the OCA2 ...
Black hair is the darkest and most common of all human hair colors globally, due to large populations with this trait. This hair type contains a much more dense quantity of eumelanin pigmentation in comparison to other hair colors, such as brown, blonde and red. [ 1 ]
Albinism is a genetic abnormality in which little or no pigment is found in human hair, eyes, and skin. The hair is often white or pale blond. However, it can be red, darker blond, light brown, or rarely, even dark brown. Vitiligo is a patchy loss of hair and skin color that may occur as the result of an auto-immune disease.
The genetic mechanism behind human skin color is mainly regulated by the enzyme tyrosinase, which creates the color of the skin, eyes, and hair shades. [14] [15] Differences in skin color are also attributed to differences in size and distribution of melanosomes in the skin. [9] Melanocytes produce two types of melanin.
Blond (MASC) or blonde (FEM), also referred to as fair hair, is a human hair color characterized by low levels of eumelanin, the dark pigment. The resultant visible hue depends on various factors, but always has some yellowish color.