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In gravitationally bound systems, the orbital speed of an astronomical body or object (e.g. planet, moon, artificial satellite, spacecraft, or star) is the speed at which it orbits around either the barycenter (the combined center of mass) or, if one body is much more massive than the other bodies of the system combined, its speed relative to the center of mass of the most massive body.
Most of these fast-moving stars are thought to be produced near the center of the Milky Way, where there is a larger population of these objects than further out. One of the fastest known stars in our Galaxy is the O-class sub-dwarf US 708, which is moving away from the Milky Way with a total velocity of around 1200 km/s.
The rotation curve of a disc galaxy (also called a velocity curve) is a plot of the orbital speeds of visible stars or gas in that galaxy versus their radial distance from that galaxy's centre. It is typically rendered graphically as a plot , and the data observed from each side of a spiral galaxy are generally asymmetric, so that data from ...
Local Group of 47 galaxies [13] coalesces into a single large galaxy [14] Visualization of the orbit of the Sun (yellow dot and white curve) around the Galactic Center (GC) in the last galactic year. The red dots correspond to the positions of the stars studied by the European Southern Observatory in a monitoring program.
In reality, stars orbit the center of their galaxy. Stars with an orbit retrograde relative to a disk galaxy's general rotation are more likely to be found in the galactic halo than in the galactic disk. The Milky Way's outer halo has many globular clusters with a retrograde orbit [40] and with a retrograde or zero rotation. [41]
A Hubble Space Telescope image of the supergiant elliptical galaxy ESO 306-17. Supergiant elliptical galaxies are some of the largest galaxies known. The Condor Galaxy is a colossal spiral galaxy disturbed by the smaller IC 4970 .
This video shows an artist's impression of the free-floating planet CFBDSIR J214947.2-040308.9.. A rogue planet, also termed a free-floating planet (FFP) or an isolated planetary-mass object (iPMO), is an interstellar object of planetary mass which is not gravitationally bound to any star or brown dwarf.
Compared with the Milky Way galaxy, GN-z11 is 1 ⁄ 25 of the size, has 1% of the mass, and is forming new stars approximately twenty times as fast. [20] With a stellar age estimated at 40 million years, it appears the galaxy formed its stars relatively rapidly. [ 4 ]