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Structure of a hammerhead ribozyme, a ribozyme that cuts RNA. Messenger RNA (mRNA) is the type of RNA that carries information from DNA to the ribosome, the sites of protein synthesis (translation) in the cell cytoplasm. The coding sequence of the mRNA determines the amino acid sequence in the protein that is produced. [27]
Nucleic acid structure refers to the structure of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA. Chemically speaking, DNA and RNA are very similar. Chemically speaking, DNA and RNA are very similar. Nucleic acid structure is often divided into four different levels: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.
The Nussinov algorithm is a nucleic acid structure prediction algorithm used in computational biology to predict the folding of an RNA molecule that makes use of dynamic programming principles. [1] The algorithm was developed by Ruth Nussinov in the late 1970s.
5' cap structure. A 5' cap (also termed an RNA cap, an RNA 7-methylguanosine cap, or an RNA m 7 G cap) is a modified guanine nucleotide that has been added to the "front" or 5' end of a eukaryotic messenger RNA shortly after the start of transcription. The 5' cap consists of a terminal 7-methylguanosine residue that is linked through a 5'-5 ...
Walter and Turner found that, on average, prediction of RNA structure improved from 67% to 74% accuracy when coaxial stacking contributions were included. [23] Most well-studied RNA tertiary structures contain examples of coaxial stacking. Some prominent examples are tRNA-Phe, group I introns, group II introns, and ribosomal RNAs.
An RNA pseudoknot structure. For example, the RNA component of human telomerase. [7] A pseudoknot is a nucleic acid secondary structure containing at least two stem-loop structures in which half of one stem is intercalated between the two halves of another stem.
The standard RNA codon table organized in a wheel A codon table can be used to translate a genetic code into a sequence of amino acids . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The standard genetic code is traditionally represented as an RNA codon table, because when proteins are made in a cell by ribosomes , it is messenger RNA (mRNA) that directs protein synthesis .
CryoEM of nucleic acid has been done on ribosomes, [7] viral RNA, [8] and single-stranded RNA structures within viruses. [ 9 ] [ 10 ] These studies have resolved structural features at different resolutions from the nucleobase level (2-3 angstroms) up to tertiary structure motifs (greater than a nanometer).