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The Battle of the Camel (Arabic: مَعْرَكَة اَلْجَمَلِ, romanized: Maʿrakat al-Jamal) took place outside of Basra, Iraq, in 36 AH (656 CE). The battle was fought between the army of the fourth caliph Ali (r. 656–661), on one side, and the rebel army led by Aisha, Talha and Zubayr, on the other side.
The two parties fought the Battle of the Camel in December 656, from which Ali emerged victorious. Afterward, Mu'awiya, the incumbent governor of Syria, declared war on Ali, ostensibly to avenge Uthman's death. The two parties fought the Battle of Siffin in July 657, which ended in a stalemate and arbitration.
Zubayr's forces engaged with Ali's forces in the Battle of the Camel in December 656. In the aftermath, while Zubayr was prostrating in prayer, he was killed by Amr ibn Jurmuz . Zubayr is generally considered by historians to be one of early Islam's most accomplished commanders.
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The Battle of Jamal, sometimes called the Battle of the Camel or the Battle of Bassorah, took place at Basra, Iraq on 7 November 656. A'isha heard about the killing of Uthman (644-656), the third Caliph. At the time she was on a pilgrimage to Mecca.
The Second Fitna was a period of general political and military disorder and civil war in the Islamic community during the early Umayyad Caliphate. [note 1] It followed the death of the first Umayyad caliph Mu'awiya I in 680, and lasted for about twelve years.
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Battle of Basra may refer to: Battle of the Camel (656), conflict over succession to the caliphate; Battle of Basra (871), Zanj capture of Basra; Battle of Basra (1914), British capture Basra from the Ottoman Empire in Mesopotamian campaign; Basra offensive (1982), major land battle following expulsion of Iraq from Iran