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A-level Computing 2009/AQA/Problem Solving, Programming, Operating Systems, Databases and Networking/Programming Concepts/Object-oriented programming (OOP) A-level Computing/AQA/Paper 1/Fundamentals of programming/Elements of Object-Oriented Programming; Usage on it.wikibooks.org Java/Programmazione ad oggetti; Usage on it.wikiversity.org
Object-oriented programming uses objects, but not all of the associated techniques and structures are supported directly in languages that claim to support OOP. The features listed below are common among languages considered to be strongly class- and object-oriented (or multi-paradigm with OOP support), with notable exceptions mentioned.
In object-oriented programming, a class defines the shared aspects of objects created from the class. The capabilities of a class differ between programming languages , but generally the shared aspects consist of state ( variables ) and behavior ( methods ) that are each either associated with a particular object or with all objects of that class.
An object must be explicitly created based on a class and an object thus created is considered to be an instance of that class. An object is similar to a structure, with the addition of method pointers, member access control, and an implicit data member which locates instances of the class (i.e., objects of the class) in the class hierarchy ...
An object can be part of a class, which is a set of similar objects. Information hiding: The ability to protect some object components from external entities. This is realized by language keywords to enable a variable to be declared as private or protected to the owning class. Inheritance: The ability for a class to extend or override the ...
This comparison of programming languages compares how object-oriented programming languages such as C++, Java, Smalltalk, Object Pascal, Perl, Python, and others manipulate data structures. Object construction and destruction
Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software (1994) is a software engineering book describing software design patterns.The book was written by Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, and John Vlissides, with a foreword by Grady Booch.
In other words, they create independency for objects and classes. Consider applying creational patterns when: A system should be independent of how its objects and products are created. A set of related objects is designed to be used together. Hiding the implementations of a class library or product, revealing only their interfaces.