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Vietnamese uses 22 letters of the ISO basic Latin alphabet.The four remaining letters are not considered part of the Vietnamese alphabet although they are used to write loanwords, languages of other ethnic groups in the country based on Vietnamese phonetics to differentiate the meanings or even Vietnamese dialects, for example: dz or z for southerner pronunciation of v in standard Vietnamese.
Vietnamese also has 14 vowel nuclei, and 6 tones that are integral to the interpretation of the language. Older interpretations of Vietnamese tones differentiated between "sharp" and "heavy" entering and departing tones. This article is a technical description of the sound system of the Vietnamese language, including phonetics and phonology.
This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Vietnamese on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Vietnamese in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them.
Z is not included in the Vietnamese alphabet as a letter in its own right. Many Vietnamese cultural figures spell their family names, pen names, or stage names with Dz instead of D, emphasizing the northern pronunciation. Examples include the songwriter Dzoãn Mẫn, the poet Hồ Dzếnh, and the television chef Nguyễn Dzoãn Cẩm Vân. [8]
The Vietnamese alphabet (Vietnamese: chữ Quốc ngữ, lit. ' script of the National language ' , IPA: [ t͡ɕɨ˦ˀ˥ kuək̚˧˦ ŋɨ˦ˀ˥ ] ) is the modern writing script for Vietnamese . It uses the Latin script based on Romance languages [6] originally developed by Portuguese missionary Francisco de Pina (1585–1625).
Chữ Nôm (𡨸喃, IPA: [t͡ɕɨ˦ˀ˥ nom˧˧]) [5] is a logographic writing system formerly used to write the Vietnamese language.It uses Chinese characters to represent Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary and some native Vietnamese words, with other words represented by new characters created using a variety of methods, including phono-semantic compounds. [6]
Vietnamese calligraphy (Vietnamese alphabet: Thư pháp Việt Nam, chữ Hán: 書法越南) relates to the calligraphic traditions of Vietnam. It includes calligraphic works using a variety of scripts, including historical chữ Hán ( Chinese characters ), chữ Nôm (Vietnamese-derived characters), and the Latin-based Vietnamese alphabet .
Current and past writing systems for Vietnamese in the Vietnamese alphabet and in chữ Hán Nôm. Spoken and written Vietnamese today uses the Latin script-based Vietnamese alphabet to represent native Vietnamese words (thuần Việt), Vietnamese words which are of Chinese origin (Hán-Việt, or Sino-Vietnamese), and other foreign loanwords.