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A piston is a component of reciprocating engines. It is located in a cylinder and is made gas-tight by piston rings. Its purpose is to transfer force from expanding gas in the cylinder to the crankshaft via a piston rod and/or connecting rod. In two-stroke engines the piston also acts as a valve by covering and uncovering ports in the cylinder ...
Diesel engines are used in aircraft, automobiles, power generation, diesel–electric locomotives, and both surface ships and submarines. The Diesel cycle is assumed to have constant pressure during the initial part of the combustion phase (to in the diagram, below). This is an idealized mathematical model: real physical diesels do have an ...
In some designs the piston may be powered in both directions in the cylinder, in which case it is said to be double-acting. Steam piston engine A labeled schematic diagram of a typical single-cylinder, simple expansion, double-acting high pressure steam engine. Power takeoff from the engine is by way of a belt.
The pressure–volume diagram (pV) diagram is a simplified and idealised representation of the events involved in a diesel engine cycle, arranged to illustrate the similarity with a Carnot cycle. Starting at 1, the piston is at bottom dead centre and both valves are closed at the start of the compression stroke; the cylinder contains air at ...
The crankshaft configuration varies amongst opposed-engine designs. One layout has a flat/boxer engine at its center and adds an additional opposed-piston to each end so there are two pistons per cylinder on each side. An X engine is essentially two V engines joined by a common crankshaft. A majority of these were existing V-12 engines ...
The cylinder wall is a thin sleeve surrounding the piston head which creates a space for the combustion of fuel and the genesis of mechanical energy. A four-stroke (also four-cycle ) engine is an internal combustion (IC) engine in which the piston completes four separate strokes while turning the crankshaft.
The typical piston design is on the picture. This type of piston is widely used in car diesel engines. According to purpose, supercharging level and working conditions of engines the shape and proportions can be changed. High-power diesel engines work in difficult conditions.
Uniflow diesel engine, a two-stroke diesel engine with inlet through piston-ported fixed ports in the lower part of the cylinder, and exhaust through valves in the cylinder head. Opposed-piston diesel engines, where two cylinders share opposite ends of the same cylinder. These use piston-controlled ports for both inlet and exhaust.