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In mathematics, a reflection (also spelled reflexion) [1] is a mapping from a Euclidean space to itself that is an isometry with a hyperplane as the set of fixed points; this set is called the axis (in dimension 2) or plane (in dimension 3) of reflection. The image of a figure by a reflection is its mirror image in the axis
In mathematics, a reflection formula or reflection relation for a function f is a relationship between f(a − x) and f(x).It is a special case of a functional equation.It is common in mathematical literature to use the term "functional equation" for what are specifically reflection formulae.
In the theory of quadratic forms, the parabola is the graph of the quadratic form x 2 (or other scalings), while the elliptic paraboloid is the graph of the positive-definite quadratic form x 2 + y 2 (or scalings), and the hyperbolic paraboloid is the graph of the indefinite quadratic form x 2 − y 2. Generalizations to more variables yield ...
Let X be an affine space over a field k, and V be its associated vector space. An affine transformation is a bijection f from X onto itself that is an affine map; this means that a linear map g from V to V is well defined by the equation () = (); here, as usual, the subtraction of two points denotes the free vector from the second point to the first one, and "well-defined" means that ...
Graph of y = ax 2 + bx + c, where a and the discriminant b 2 − 4ac are positive, with. Roots and y-intercept in red; Vertex and axis of symmetry in blue; Focus and directrix in pink; Visualisation of the complex roots of y = ax 2 + bx + c: the parabola is rotated 180° about its vertex (orange).
An involution is a function f : X → X that, when applied twice, brings one back to the starting point. In mathematics, an involution, involutory function, or self-inverse function [1] is a function f that is its own inverse, f(f(x)) = x. for all x in the domain of f. [2] Equivalently, applying f twice produces the original value.
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The ΔY-family generated by several graphs is the smallest family that contains all these graphs and is closed under YΔ- and ΔY-transformation. Some notable families are generated in this way: the Petersen family is generated from the complete graph. It consists of the six forbidden minors for the class of linkless graphs. [2]