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Formally, grey systems theory describes uncertainty by interval-valued unknowns called grey numbers, with the width of the interval reflecting more or less precise knowledge. [3] With this definition, information quantity and quality form a continuum from a total lack of information to complete information – from black through grey to white ...
[5] [6] Corrections end once stocks attain new highs. [7] Stock market corrections are typically measured retrospectively from recent highs to their lowest closing price. The recovery period can be measured from the lowest closing price to new highs, to recovery. [8] Gains of 10% from the low is an alternative definition of the exit of a ...
Economics is a science which studies human behaviour as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses. [ 9 ] Robbins describes the definition as not classificatory in "pick[ing] out certain kinds of behaviour" but rather analytical in "focus[ing] attention on a particular aspect of behaviour, the form imposed by the ...
Counter-economics is an economic theory and revolutionary method consisting of direct action carried out through the black market or the gray market. As a term, it was originally used by American libertarian activists and theorists Samuel Edward Konkin III and J. Neil Schulman. The former defined it as the study or practice "of all peaceful ...
The College Board offers AP courses across the academic spectrum, including in math, science, social studies, foreign languages and fine arts. The courses are optional and taught at a college level.
Major topics include measurement of economic performance, national income and price determination, fiscal and monetary policy, and international economics and growth. AP Macroeconomics is frequently taught in conjunction with (and, in some cases, in the same year as) AP Microeconomics as part of a comprehensive AP Economics curriculum, although ...
An informal economy (informal sector or grey economy) [1] [2] is the part of any economy that is neither taxed nor monitored by any form of government. Although the informal sector makes up a significant portion of the economies in developing countries , it is sometimes stigmatized as troublesome and unmanageable.
The College Board offers AP courses across the academic spectrum, including math, science, social studies, foreign languages and fine arts. The courses are optional.