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A Fermi problem (or Fermi quiz, Fermi question, Fermi estimate), also known as an order-of-magnitude problem (or order-of-magnitude estimate, order estimation), is an estimation problem in physics or engineering education, designed to teach dimensional analysis or approximation of extreme scientific calculations.
In engineering and science, dimensional analysis is the analysis of the relationships between different physical quantities by identifying their base quantities (such as length, mass, time, and electric current) and units of measurement (such as metres and grams) and tracking these dimensions as calculations or comparisons are performed.
An example of dimensional analysis can be found for the case of the mechanics of a thin, solid and parallel-sided rotating disc. There are five variables involved which reduce to two non-dimensional groups. The relationship between these can be determined by numerical experiment using, for example, the finite element method. [10]
The one-dimensional extent of an object metre (m) L: extensive: Time: t: The duration of an event: second (s) T: scalar, intensive, extensive: Mass: m: A measure of resistance to acceleration: kilogram (kg) M: extensive, scalar: Temperature: T: Average kinetic energy per degree of freedom of a system: kelvin (K) Θ or [K] intensive, scalar ...
Although nondimensionalization is well adapted for these problems, it is not restricted to them. An example of a non-differential-equation application is dimensional analysis; another example is normalization in statistics. Measuring devices are practical examples of nondimensionalization occurring in everyday life. Measuring devices are ...
Illustration of the linear model in high-dimensions: a data set consists of a response vector and a design matrix with .Our goal is to estimate the unknown vector = (, …,) of regression coefficients where is often assumed to be sparse, in the sense that the cardinality of the set := {:} is small by comparison with .
An important uniform 5-polytope is the 5-demicube, h{4,3,3,3} has half the vertices of the 5-cube (16), bounded by alternating 5-cell and 16-cell hypercells. The expanded or stericated 5-simplex is the vertex figure of the A 5 lattice, . It and has a doubled symmetry from its symmetric Coxeter diagram.
Many mathematical problems have been stated but not yet solved. These problems come from many areas of mathematics, such as theoretical physics, computer science, algebra, analysis, combinatorics, algebraic, differential, discrete and Euclidean geometries, graph theory, group theory, model theory, number theory, set theory, Ramsey theory, dynamical systems, and partial differential equations.