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Vladimir Karapetoff (1944) "The special theory of relativity in hyperbolic functions", Reviews of Modern Physics 16:33–52, Abstract & link to pdf; Lanczos, Cornelius (1949), The Variational Principles of Mechanics, University of Toronto Press, pp. 304– 312 Also used biquaternions. French, Anthony (1968). Special Relativity. W. W. Norton ...
Taiji relativity is a formulation of special relativity developed by Jong-Ping Hsu and Leonardo Hsu. [1] [11] [12] [13] The name of the theory, Taiji, is a Chinese word which refers to ultimate principles which predate the existence of the world. Hsu and Hsu claimed that measuring time in units of distance allowed them to develop a theory of ...
Milne's model follows the description from special relativity of an observable universe's spacetime diagram containing past and future light cones along with "elsewhere" in spacetime. Milne's model in comoving FLRW coordinates: the Hubble radius (blue) is at a constant comoving distance. The past and future light cone are depicted in orange ...
To derive the equations of special relativity, one must start with two other The laws of physics are invariant under transformations between inertial frames. In other words, the laws of physics will be the same whether you are testing them in a frame 'at rest', or a frame moving with a constant velocity relative to the 'rest' frame.
English: This file is the special relativity lecture of the Wikiversity:Special relativity and steps towards general relativity course. It is in pdf format for convenient viewing as a fullscreen, structured presentation in a classroom.
At this point, special relativity was not fully combined with quantum mechanics, so the Schrödinger and Heisenberg formulations, as originally proposed, could not be used in situations where the particles travel near the speed of light, or when the number of each type of particle changes (this happens in real particle interactions; the ...
ADM energy is a special way to define the energy in general relativity, which is only applicable to some special geometries of spacetime that asymptotically approach a well-defined metric tensor at infinity – for example a spacetime that asymptotically approaches Minkowski space. The ADM energy in these cases is defined as a function of the ...
In the k-calculus methodology, distances are measured using radar.An observer sends a radar pulse towards a target and receives an echo from it. The radar pulse (which travels at , the speed of light) travels a total distance, there and back, that is twice the distance to the target, and takes time , where and are times recorded by the observer's clock at transmission and reception of the ...