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The third 11-kilometre-long wall of stone and wood encircled the city. However, after the Mongols besieged the city, it withstood the siege only for 45 days. By the materials uncovered by archaeological excavations, the city was burnt after falling, and the unburied remains of its population were found all over Bilär.
The Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria lasted from 1223 to 1236. The Bulgar state, centered in lower Volga and Kama, was the center of the fur trade in Eurasia throughout most of its history.
The decision by the Mongols to attack Bulgaria with all their forces may have had the same motive as the initial attack on Hungary: to punish the Bulgarians for giving aid to the Mongols' enemies. [4] [7] Bulgaria in 1242 encompassed the area north of the Balkan Mountains as far as the Lower Danube.
Peasant Ivaylo seized the throne, killing the Bulgarian tsar; Ivaylo was murdered, George Terter I became emperor of Bulgaria; Fifth Bulgarian-Serbian War (1290-1291) Bulgarian Empire: Serbian Kingdom: Defeat. Bulgaria lost the Belgrade and Branicevo provinces. Fourth Bulgarian-Mongol War (1299-1300) [citation needed] Bulgarian Empire: Golden ...
Bulgaria was again raided by the Mongols in 1274, 1280 and 1285. In 1278 and 1279 Tsar Ivailo led the Bulgarian army and crushed the Mongol raids before being surrounded at Silistra . [ 79 ] After a three-month siege, he managed to once again break through the elite Mongol forces, forcing them to retreat north of the Danube.
Ivaylo (died 1281), also spelled Ivailo (Bulgarian: Ивайло), was a rebel leader who ruled briefly as tsar of Bulgaria. [1] In 1277, he spearheaded a peasant uprising and forced the Bulgarian nobility to accept him as emperor. He reigned as emperor from 1278 to 1279, scoring victories against the Byzantines and the Mongols. Beset by ...
George Pachymeres wrote that "to fall in the hands of Lakhanas [Ivaylo] was equivalent to death". [39] A map of the Bulgarian Empire, showing the movement of the Bulgarian, Byzantine and Mongol armies during the rebellion. With the situation to the south under control, Ivaylo had to confront a second Mongol attack to the north.
[citation needed] In 1236, the Mongols returned and in five years had subjugated the whole country, which at that time was suffering from internal war [citation needed]. Henceforth Volga Bulgaria became a part of the Ulus Jochi, later known as the Golden Horde. It was divided into several principalities; each of them became a vassal of the ...