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  2. Centrosymmetry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrosymmetry

    Benzene is a centrosymmetric molecule having a centre of symmetry at the centre. In crystallography, a centrosymmetric point group contains an inversion center as one of its symmetry elements. [1] In such a point group, for every point (x, y, z) in the unit cell there is an indistinguishable point (-x, -y, -z).

  3. Cardinal point (optics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_point_(optics)

    Optical systems can be folded using plane mirrors; the system is still considered to be rotationally symmetric if it possesses rotational symmetry when unfolded. Any point on the optical axis (in any space) is an axial point. Rotational symmetry greatly simplifies the analysis of optical systems, which otherwise must be analyzed in three ...

  4. Optical rotation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_rotation

    Optical activity is measured using a polarized source and polarimeter. This is a tool particularly used in the sugar industry to measure the sugar concentration of syrup, and generally in chemistry to measure the concentration or enantiomeric ratio of chiral molecules in solution.

  5. Optical rotatory dispersion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_rotatory_dispersion

    An object that cannot be superimposed on its mirror image is said to be chiral, and optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism are known as chiroptical properties. Most biological molecules have one or more chiral centers and undergo enzyme-catalyzed transformations that either maintain or invert the chirality at one or more of these ...

  6. Optical properties - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_properties

    The optical properties of a material define how it interacts with light. The optical properties of matter are studied in optical physics (a subfield of optics ) and applied in materials science . The optical properties of matter include:

  7. Optical centre - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/?title=Optical_centre&redirect=no

    From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Redirect page

  8. Specific rotation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_rotation

    Recording optical rotation with a polarimeter: The plane of polarisation of plane polarised light (4) rotates (6) as it passes through an optically active sample (5). This angle is determined with a rotatable polarizing filter (7). In chemistry, specific rotation ([α]) is a property of a chiral chemical compound.

  9. List of optics equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_optics_equations

    Subscripts 1 and 2 refer to initial and final optical media respectively. These ratios are sometimes also used, following simply from other definitions of refractive index, wave phase velocity, and the luminal speed equation: