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Compares two sorted files line by line csplit: Splits a file into sections determined by context lines cut: Removes sections from each line of files expand: Converts tabs to spaces fmt: Simple optimal text formatter fold: Wraps each input line to fit in specified width head: Outputs the first part of files join: Joins lines of two files on a ...
Mounting a file containing a file system via such a loop mount makes the files within that file system accessible. They appear in the mount point directory. A loop device may allow some kind of data elaboration during this redirection. For example, the device may be the unencrypted version of an encrypted file.
These commands can be found on Unix operating systems and most Unix-like operating systems. This is not a comprehensive list of all utilities that existed in the various historic Unix and Unix-like systems, as it excludes utilities that were not mandated by the aforementioned standard.
cat does not provide a way to concatenate Unicode text files that have a Byte Order Mark or files using different text encodings from each other. For many structured binary data sets, the resulting combined file may not be valid; for example, if a file has a unique header or footer, the result will spuriously duplicate these.
For example, to list files in the current directory , retain only the lines of ls output containing the string "key" , and view the result in a scrolling page , a user types the following into the command line of a terminal:
In addition to the binary application code, the executables may contain headers and tables with relocation and fixup information as well as various kinds of meta data. Among those formats listed, the ones in most common use are PE (on Microsoft Windows), ELF (on Linux and most other versions of Unix), Mach-O (on macOS and iOS) and MZ (on DOS).
A shell script can provide a convenient variation of a system command where special environment settings, command options, or post-processing apply automatically, but in a way that allows the new script to still act as a fully normal Unix command. One example would be to create a version of ls, the command to list files, giving it a shorter ...
Ian Darwin's implementation adds -s 'special files', -k 'keep-going' or -r 'raw' (examples below), among many others. [6] The command tells only what the file looks like, not what it is (in the case where file looks at the content). It is easy to fool the program by putting a magic number into a file the content of which does not match it.