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Ion channels are located within the membrane of all excitable cells, [ 3] and of many intracellular organelles. They are often described as narrow, water-filled tunnels that allow only ions of a certain size and/or charge to pass through. This characteristic is called selective permeability.
The channelome, sometimes called the "ion channelome", is the complete set of ion channels and porins expressed in a biological tissue or organism. It is analogous to the genome , the metabolome (describing metabolites), the proteome (describing general protein expression), and the microbiome .
These ion channels have a relatively non-selective permeability to cations, including sodium, calcium and magnesium. TRP channels were initially discovered in the so-called "transient receptor potential" mutant (trp-mutant) strain of the fruit fly Drosophila, hence their name (see History of Drosophila TRP channels below). Later, TRP channels ...
Voltage-gated ion channels have a crucial role in excitable cells such as neuronal and muscle tissues, allowing a rapid and co-ordinated depolarization in response to triggering voltage change. Found along the axon and at the synapse, voltage-gated ion channels directionally propagate electrical signals. Voltage-gated ion-channels are usually ...
Voltage-gated sodium channels ( VGSCs ), also known as voltage-dependent sodium channels ( VDSCs ), are a group of voltage-gated ion channels found in the membrane of excitable cells ( e.g., muscle, glial cells, neurons, etc.) with a permeability to the sodium ion Na +. They are the main channels involved in action potential of excitable cells.
Potassium channels are the most diverse group of the ion channel family. [2] [3] They are important in shaping the action potential, and in neuronal excitability and plasticity. [4] The potassium channel family is composed of several functionally distinct isoforms, which can be broadly separated into 2 groups: [5] the practically non ...
Small conductance mechanosensitive ion channels (MscS) provide protection against hypo-osmotic shock in bacteria, responding both to stretching of the cell membrane and to membrane depolarization. In eukaryotes, they fulfill a multitude of important functions in addition to osmoregulation. [1] They are present in the membranes of organisms from ...
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