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Griffith's experiment, [ 1] performed by Frederick Griffith and reported in 1928, [ 2] was the first experiment suggesting that bacteria are capable of transferring genetic information through a process known as transformation. [ 3][ 4] Griffith's findings were followed by research in the late 1930s and early 40s that isolated DNA as the ...
This process of the second bacterial cell taking up new genetic material is called transformation. In molecular biology and genetics, transformation is the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous genetic material from its surroundings through the cell membrane (s).
Molecular biology / məˈlɛkjʊlər / is a branch of biology that seeks to understand the molecular basis of biological activity in and between cells, including biomolecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms, and interactions. [ 1][ 2][ 3] Though cells and other microscopic structures had been observed in living organisms as early as the ...
Genetic engineering. Recombinant DNA ( rDNA) molecules are DNA molecules formed by laboratory methods of genetic recombination (such as molecular cloning) that bring together genetic material from multiple sources, creating sequences that would not otherwise be found in the genome . Recombinant DNA is the general name for a piece of DNA that ...
Population genetics is a subfield of genetics that deals with genetic differences within and among populations, and is a part of evolutionary biology. Studies in this branch of biology examine such phenomena as adaptation, speciation, and population structure. [ 1]
Human biology. Human biology is an interdisciplinary area of academic study that examines humans through the influences and interplay of many diverse fields such as genetics, evolution, physiology, anatomy, epidemiology, anthropology, ecology, nutrition, population genetics, and sociocultural influences. [ 1][ 2] It is closely related to the ...
The history of molecular biology begins in the 1930s with the convergence of various, previously distinct biological and physical disciplines: biochemistry, genetics, microbiology, virology and physics. With the hope of understanding life at its most fundamental level, numerous physicists and chemists also took an interest in what would become ...
In vitro ( Latin for "in glass"; often not italicized in English usage [ 3][ 4][ 5]) studies are conducted using components of an organism that have been isolated from their usual biological surroundings, such as microorganisms, cells, or biological molecules. For example, microorganisms or cells can be studied in artificial culture media, and ...