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The accommodation reflex (or accommodation-convergence reflex) is a reflex action of the eye, in response to focusing on a near object, then looking at a distant object (and vice versa), comprising coordinated changes in vergence, lens shape ( accommodation) and pupil size. It is dependent on cranial nerve II ( afferent limb of reflex ...
Differential diagnosis. Convergence insufficiency. Accommodative insufficiency ( AI) involves the inability of the eye to focus properly on an object. Accommodation is the adjustment of the curvature of the lens to focus on objects near and far. In this condition, amplitude of accommodation of a person is lesser compared to physiological limits ...
Diagnosis of convergence insufficiency is made by an eye care professional skilled in binocular vision dysfunctions, such as an optometrist, ophthalmologist, or orthoptist to rule out any organic disease. Convergence insufficiency is characterized by one or more of the following diagnostic findings: patient symptoms, high exophoria at near ...
In "the near response" there are three processes that occur to focus an image on the retina. Convergence of the eyes, or the orientation of the visual axis of each eye towards an object in order to focus its image on each fovea, is the first of the three responses. This can be observed by the cross-eyed movement of the eyes when a finger is ...
The 1 cm spaced grid indicates a near focus focal length of around 6cm. Accommodation is the process by which the vertebrate eye changes optical power to maintain a clear image or focus on an object as its distance varies. In this, distances vary for individuals from the far point —the maximum distance from the eye for which a clear image of ...
Argyll Robertson pupils ( AR pupils) are bilateral small pupils that reduce in size on a near object (i.e., they accommodate ), but do not constrict when exposed to bright light (i.e., they do not react). They are a highly specific sign of neurosyphilis; however, Argyll Robertson pupils may also be a sign of diabetic neuropathy.
The extraocular muscles, or extrinsic ocular muscles, are the seven extrinsic muscles of the eye in humans and other animals. [ 1] Six of the extraocular muscles, the four recti muscles, and the superior and inferior oblique muscles, control movement of the eye. The other muscle, the levator palpebrae superioris, controls eyelid elevation.
Aphakia is the absence of the lens of the eye, due to surgical removal, such as in cataract surgery, a perforating wound or ulcer, or congenital anomaly. It causes a loss of ability to maintain focus ( accommodation ), high degree of farsightedness ( hyperopia ), [ 1] and a deep anterior chamber. Complications include detachment of the vitreous ...
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