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Ann Arbor staging is the staging system for lymphomas, both in Hodgkin's lymphoma (formerly designated Hodgkin's disease) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (abbreviated NHL). It was initially developed for Hodgkin's, but has some use in NHL. It has roughly the same function as TNM staging in solid tumors. The stage depends on both the place where the ...
Stage IV: The lymphoma is in one or more organs beyond the lymphatic system, such as the liver, lungs, bone marrow, or cerebrospinal fluid. A patient's stage may be determined through blood tests, bone marrow biopsy, chest X-rays, computed tomography (CT) scans, positron emission tomography (PET) scans, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
H&E stain. Specialty. Hematology and oncology. Mantle cell lymphoma ( MCL) is a type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, comprising about 6% of cases. [1] [2] It is named for the mantle zone of the lymph nodes where it develops. [3] [4] The term 'mantle cell lymphoma' was first adopted by Raffeld and Jaffe in 1991. [5]
Lymphoma is the most common form of hematological malignancy, or "blood cancer", in the developed world. Taken together, lymphomas represent 5.3% of all cancers (excluding simple basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers) in the United States and 55.6% of all blood cancers.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( CLL) is a type of cancer in which the bone marrow makes too many lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell ). [2] [8] Early on, there are typically no symptoms. [2] Later, non-painful lymph node swelling, feeling tired, fever, night sweats, or weight loss for no clear reason may occur.
Follicular lymphoma ( FL) is a cancer that involves certain types of white blood cells known as lymphocytes. The cancer originates from the uncontrolled division of specific types of B-cells known as centrocytes and centroblasts. These cells normally occupy the follicles (nodular swirls of various types of lymphocytes) in the germinal centers ...
Splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) is a low grade lymphoma in which malignant B-cells accumulate in the spleen, bone marrow, and, less commonly, the circulation. While generally an indolent disease, about 5-10% of cases transform into a far more aggressive malignancy, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma . [64]
The more aggressive forms of disease require treatment with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and—in some cases—a bone marrow transplant. The use of rituximab has been established for the treatment of B-cell–derived hematologic malignancies, including follicular lymphoma (FL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).
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