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In object-oriented programming languages such as Java, reflection allows inspection of classes, interfaces, fields and methods at runtime without knowing the names of the interfaces, fields, methods at compile time. It also allows instantiation of new objects and invocation of methods. Reflection is often used as part of software testing, such ...
The term magic number or magic constant refers to the anti-pattern of using numbers directly in source code. This has been referred to as breaking one of the oldest rules of programming, dating back to the COBOL, FORTRAN and PL/1 manuals of the 1960s. [ 1] The use of unnamed magic numbers in code obscures the developers' intent in choosing that ...
Mojo. Mojo is a programming language in the Python family that is currently under development. [ 2][ 3][ 4] It is available both in browsers via Jupyter notebooks, [ 4][ 5] and locally on Linux and macOS. [ 6][ 7] Mojo aims to combine the usability of higher level programming languages, specifically Python, with the performance of lower level ...
atan2. atan2 (y, x) returns the angle θ between the positive x -axis and the ray from the origin to the point (x, y), confined to (−π, π]. Graph of over. In computing and mathematics, the function atan2 is the 2- argument arctangent. By definition, is the angle measure (in radians, with ) between the positive -axis and the ray from the ...
API. License. GNU Lesser General Public License. Website. www .pygame .org. Pygame is a cross-platform set of Python modules designed for writing video games. It includes computer graphics and sound libraries designed to be used with the Python programming language .
A callback is often back on the level of the original caller. In computer programming, a callback is a function that is stored as data (a reference) and designed to be called by another function – often back to the original abstraction layer . A function that accepts a callback parameter may be designed to call back before returning to its ...
Timsort is a stable sorting algorithm (order of elements with same key is kept) and strives to perform balanced merges (a merge thus merges runs of similar sizes). In order to achieve sorting stability, only consecutive runs are merged. Between two non-consecutive runs, there can be an element with the same key inside the runs.
Integer programming. An integer programming problem is a mathematical optimization or feasibility program in which some or all of the variables are restricted to be integers. In many settings the term refers to integer linear programming (ILP), in which the objective function and the constraints (other than the integer constraints) are linear .