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psychology, scientific discipline that studies mental states and processes and behaviour in humans and other animals. The discipline of psychology is broadly divisible into two parts: a large profession of practitioners and a smaller but growing science of mind, brain, and social behaviour.
Humanistic psychology, a movement in psychology supporting the belief that humans, as individuals, are unique beings and should be recognized and treated as such by psychologists and psychiatrists. Learn more about the development and characteristics of humanistic psychology in this article.
Evolutionary psychology, the study of behaviour, thought, and feeling as viewed through the lens of evolutionary biology. Evolutionary psychologists presume all human behaviours reflect the influence of physical and psychological predispositions that helped human ancestors survive and reproduce.
Gestalt psychology, school of psychology founded in the 20th century that provided the foundation for the modern study of perception. Gestalt theory emphasizes that the whole of anything is greater than its parts.
experimental psychology. apperception. introspection. Wilhelm Wundt (born August 16, 1832, Neckarau, near Mannheim, Baden [Germany]—died August 31, 1920, Grossbothen, Germany) was a German physiologist and psychologist who is generally acknowledged as the founder of experimental psychology.
John B. Watson, American psychologist who codified and publicized behaviorism, which, in his view, was restricted to the objective, experimental study of the relations between environmental events and human behavior. Watsonian behaviorism was the dominant psychology in the United States during the 1920s and ‘30s.
In psychology and personality theory, narcissism refers to one element of the so-called “dark triad” of related negative personality traits—the other two being Machiavellianism and psychopathy. Definition and assessment. Narcissistic personality disorder is usually diagnosed through clinical evaluation.
Human intelligence, mental quality that consists of the abilities to learn from experience, adapt to new situations, understand and handle abstract concepts, and use knowledge to manipulate one’s environment. Learn more about human intelligence, including various theories.
psychological development, the development of human beings’ cognitive, emotional, intellectual, and social capabilities and functioning over the course of a normal life span, from infancy through old age. It is the subject matter of the discipline known as developmental psychology.
Attention, in psychology, the concentration of awareness on some phenomenon to the exclusion of other stimuli. Attention is awareness of the here and now in a focal and perceptive way. For early psychologists, such as Edward Bradford Titchener, attention determined the content of consciousness and.