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A geographic information system (GIS) consists of integrated computer hardware and software that store, manage, analyze, edit, output, and visualize geographic data. [ 1 ][ 2 ] Much of this often happens within a spatial database; however, this is not essential to meet the definition of a GIS. [ 1 ] In a broader sense, one may consider such a ...
QGIS is a geographic information system (GIS) software that is free and open-source. [2] QGIS supports Windows, macOS, and Linux. [3] It supports viewing, editing, printing, and analysis of geospatial data in a range of data formats. QGIS was previously also known as Quantum GIS.
ArcGIS is a family of client, server and online geographic information system (GIS) software developed and maintained by Esri. ArcGIS was first released in 1982 as ARC/INFO, a command line-based GIS. ARC/INFO was later merged into ArcGIS Desktop, which was eventually superseded by ArcGIS Pro in 2015. [ 8 ]
Web GIS (also known as Web-Based GIS), or Web Geographic Information Systems, are GIS that employ the World Wide Web to facilitate the storage, visualization, analysis, and distribution of spatial information over the Internet. [1][2][3][4][5][6] The World Wide Web, or the Web, is an information system that uses the internet to host, share, and ...
Internet GIS, or Internet geographic information system (GIS), is a term that refers to a broad set of technologies and applications that employ the Internet to access, analyze, visualize, and distribute spatial data. [1][2][3][4][5] Internet GIS is an outgrowth of traditional GIS, and represents a shift from conducting GIS on an individual ...
Geographic information science (GIScience, GISc) or geoinformation science is a scientific discipline at the crossroads of computational science, social science, and natural science that studies geographic information, including how it represents phenomena in the real world, how it represents the way humans understand the world, and how it can be captured, organized, and analyzed.
A global information system (GIS) is an information system which is developed and / or used in a global context. [1] A global information system (GIS) is any information system which attempts to deliver the totality of measurable data worldwide within a defined context. Common to this class of information systems is that the context is a global ...
Geographic data and information. Geographic data and information is defined in the ISO/TC 211 series of standards as data and information having an implicit or explicit association with a location relative to Earth (a geographic location or geographic position). [1][2] It is also called geospatial data and information, [citation needed ...
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