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Nystagmus as seen in a case of ocular albinism. The cause of pathological nystagmus may be congenital, idiopathic, or secondary to a pre-existing neurological disorder.It also may be induced temporarily by disorientation (such as on roller coaster rides or when a person has been spinning in circles) or by some drugs (alcohol, lidocaine, and other central nervous system depressants, inhalant ...
Serotonin syndrome ( SS) is a group of symptoms that may occur with the use of certain serotonergic medications or drugs. [ 1] The symptoms can range from mild to severe, and are potentially fatal. [ 4][ 5][ 2] Symptoms in mild cases include high blood pressure and a fast heart rate; usually without a fever. [ 2]
Exterior of labyrinth of the inner ear. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo ( BPPV) is a disorder arising from a problem in the inner ear. [ 3] Symptoms are repeated, brief periods of vertigo with movement, characterized by a spinning sensation upon changes in the position of the head. [ 1] This can occur with turning in bed or changing ...
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Myasthenia Gravis. The one and a half syndrome is a rare weakness in eye movement affecting both eyes, in which one cannot move laterally at all, and the other can move only in outward direction. More formally, it is characterized by " a conjugate horizontal gaze palsy in one direction and an internuclear ...
Neurasthenia. Neurasthenia (from the Ancient Greek νεῦρον neuron "nerve" and ἀσθενής asthenés "weak") is a term that was first used as early as 1829 [ 6] for a mechanical weakness of the nerves. [clarification needed] It became a major diagnosis in North America during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries after ...
Aicardi syndrome. Aicardi syndrome is a rare genetic malformation syndrome characterized by the partial or complete absence of a key structure in the brain called the corpus callosum, the presence of retinal lacunes, and epileptic seizures in the form of infantile spasms. [ 2] Other malformations of the brain and skeleton may also occur.
Episodic ataxia ( EA) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by sporadic bouts of ataxia (severe discoordination) with or without myokymia (continuous muscle movement). There are seven types recognized but the majority are due to two recognized entities. [ 1] Ataxia can be provoked by psychological stress or startle, or heavy exertion ...
Most conjunctivochalasis is thought to be caused by both a gradual thinning and stretching of the conjunctiva that accompanies age and a loss of adhesion between the conjunctiva and underlying sclera as the result of dissolution of Tenon's capsule. The resulting loose, excess conjunctiva may mechanically irritate the eye and disrupt the tear ...