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Staging breast cancer is the initial step to help physicians determine the most appropriate course of treatment. As of 2016, guidelines incorporated biologic factors, such as tumor grade, cellular proliferation rate, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression, and gene expression profiling into the staging system.
Many breast cancer therapies have side effects that can be alleviated with appropriate supportive care. Chemotherapy causes hair loss, nausea, and vomiting in nearly everyone who receives it. Antiemetic drugs can alleviate nausea and vomiting; cooling the scalp with a cold cap during chemotherapy treatments may reduce hair loss. [61]
Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). [ 44] Even though it is an antagonist in breast tissue it acts as partial agonist on the endometrium and has been linked to endometrial cancer in some women. Therefore, endometrial changes, including cancer, are among tamoxifen's side effects. [ 45]
Specialty. oncology. [ edit on Wikidata] Cyclophosphamide Methotrexate Fluorouracil (CMF) is a commonly used regimen of breast cancer chemotherapy that combines three anti-cancer agents: cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). [1]
Docetaxel ( DTX or DXL ), sold under the brand name Taxotere among others, is a chemotherapy medication used to treat a number of types of cancer. [6] This includes breast cancer, head and neck cancer, stomach cancer, prostate cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer. [7] It may be used by itself or along with other chemotherapy medication. [6]
Trastuzumab deruxtecan, sold under the brand name Enhertu, is an antibody-drug conjugate consisting of the humanized monoclonal antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin) covalently linked to the topoisomerase I inhibitor deruxtecan (a derivative of exatecan ). [11] [12] It is licensed for the treatment of breast cancer or gastric or gastroesophageal ...
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