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Sunni Islam ( / ˈsuːni, ˈsʊni /) is the largest branch of Islam, followed by 85–90% of the world's Muslims, and simultaneously the largest religious denomination in the world. Its name comes from the word Sunnah, referring to the tradition of Muhammad. [ 1][ 2] The differences between Sunni and Shia Muslims arose from a disagreement over ...
t. e. Shia Islam ( / ˈʃiːə /) or Shi'a Islam is the second-largest branch of Islam. It holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated Ali ibn Abi Talib (656–661 CE) as his successor ( Arabic: خليفة, romanized : khalifa) and the Imam ( Arabic: امام, lit. 'spiritual and political leader') after him, most notably at the event of ...
The Five Pillars of Islam ( Arabic: أركان الإسلام) is the term given to the five duties incumbent on every Muslim, and are held by both Sunni and Shia. These duties are Shahada (profession of faith), Salat (prayers), Zakāt (giving of alms), Sawm (fasting, specifically during Ramadan) and Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca ).
History of Shia Islam. Shi‘a Islam, also known as Shi‘ite Islam or Shia, is the second largest branch of Islam after Sunni Islam. Shias adhere to the teachings of Muhammad and the religious guidance of his family (who are referred to as the Ahl al-Bayt) or his descendants known as Shia Imams. Muhammad's bloodline continues only through his ...
The Twelver Shia Islam Usul al-Din, equivalent to a Shia Five Pillars, are all beliefs considered foundational to Islam, and thus classified a bit differently from those listed above. [33] They are: Tawhid (monotheism: belief in the oneness of God) Adl (divine justice: belief in God's justice) Nubuwwah (prophethood) Imamah (succession to Muhammad)
Sunni Islam was the official religion of the Ottoman Empire. The highest position in Islam, caliphate, was claimed by the sultan, after the defeat of the Mamluks which was established as Ottoman Caliphate. The sultan was to be a devout Muslim and was given the literal authority of the caliph. [clarification needed] Additionally, Sunni clerics ...
According to Peter Theo Curtis, the Alawi religion underwent a process of "Sunnification" during the years under Hafez al-Assad's rule, so that Alawites became not Shia, but effectively Sunni. Public manifestation or "even mentioning of any Alawite religious activities" was banned, as were any Alawite religious organizations or "any formation ...
e. Shia Islam originated as a response [citation needed] to questions of Islamic religious leadership which became manifest as early as the death of Muhammad in 632 CE. The issues involved not only whom to appoint as the successor to Muhammad, but also what attributes a true successor should have. Sunnis regarded Caliphs as a temporal leaders ...