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  2. Exponentiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponentiation

    Power functions for n = 1, 3, 5 Power functions for n = 2, 4, 6. ... If A is a square matrix, then the product of A with itself n times is called the matrix power.

  3. Knuth's up-arrow notation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knuth's_up-arrow_notation

    Knuth's up-arrow notation. In mathematics, Knuth's up-arrow notation is a method of notation for very large integers, introduced by Donald Knuth in 1976. [1] In his 1947 paper, [2] R. L. Goodstein introduced the specific sequence of operations that are now called hyperoperations. Goodstein also suggested the Greek names tetration, pentation ...

  4. Power of two - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_of_two

    A power of two is a number of the form 2n where n is an integer, that is, the result of exponentiation with number two as the base and integer n as the exponent. Powers of two with non-negative exponents are integers: 20 = 1, 21 = 2, and 2n is two multiplied by itself n times. [1][2] The first ten powers of 2 for non-negative values of n are:

  5. Collatz conjecture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collatz_conjecture

    For any integer n, n ≡ 1 (mod 2) if and only if 3n + 14 (mod 6). Equivalently, ⁠ n − 1 / 3 ⁠ ≡ 1 (mod 2) if and only if n ≡ 4 (mod 6). Conjecturally, this inverse relation forms a tree except for the 124 loop (the inverse of the 421 loop of the unaltered function f defined in the Statement of the problem section of ...

  6. Cube (algebra) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cube_(algebra)

    y = x 3 for values of 1 ≤ x ≤ 25.. In arithmetic and algebra, the cube of a number n is its third power, that is, the result of multiplying three instances of n together. The cube of a number or any other mathematical expression is denoted by a superscript 3, for example 2 3 = 8 or (x + 1) 3.

  7. 1 − 2 + 3 − 4 + ⋯ - ⋯ - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%E2%88%92_2_%2B_3_%E2%88...

    The idea becomes clearer by considering the general series 1 − 2x + 3x 2 − 4x 3 + 5x 4 − 6x 5 + &c. that arises while expanding the expression 1 ⁄ (1+x) 2, which this series is indeed equal to after we set x = 1.

  8. 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + ⋯ - ⋯ - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%2B_2_%2B_3_%2B_4_%2B_%E...

    where f (2k−1) is the (2k − 1)th derivative of f and B 2k is the (2k)th Bernoulli number: B 2 = ⁠ 1 / 6 ⁠, B 4 = ⁠− + 1 / 30 ⁠, and so on. Setting f ( x ) = x , the first derivative of f is 1, and every other term vanishes, so [ 15 ]

  9. Square (algebra) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_(algebra)

    Square (algebra) 5⋅5, or 52 (5 squared), can be shown graphically using a square. Each block represents one unit, 11, and the entire square represents 5⋅5, or the area of the square. In mathematics, a square is the result of multiplying a number by itself. The verb "to square" is used to denote this operation.