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  2. Waffle slab - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waffle_slab

    A waffle slab or two-way joist slab is a concrete slab made of reinforced concrete with concrete ribs running in two directions on its underside. [1] The name waffle comes from the grid pattern created by the reinforcing ribs. Waffle slabs are preferred for spans greater than 40 feet (12 m), as they are much stronger than flat slabs, flat slabs ...

  3. Floor area ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floor_area_ratio

    Floor Area ratio is sometimes called floor space ratio (FSR), floor space index (FSI), site ratio or plot ratio. The difference between FAR and FSI is that the first is a ratio, while the latter is an index. Index numbers are values expressed as a percentage of a single base figure. Thus an FAR of 1.5 is translated as an FSI of 150%.

  4. Crack spacing of reinforced concrete - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crack_spacing_of...

    Crack spacing of reinforced concrete. Concrete is a brittle material and can only withstand small amount of tensile strain due to stress before cracking. When a reinforced concrete member is put in tension, after cracking, the member elongates by widening of cracks and by formation of new cracks. Figure 1 Formation of internal cracks.

  5. Reinforced concrete - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforced_concrete

    Concrete reinforced with fibers (which are usually steel, glass, plastic fibers) or cellulose polymer fiber is less expensive than hand-tied rebar. [citation needed] The shape, dimension, and length of the fiber are important. A thin and short fiber, for example short, hair-shaped glass fiber, is only effective during the first hours after ...

  6. Dog-leg (stairs) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog-leg_(stairs)

    A dog-leg staircase A quarter-landing, on a dog-leg staircase, is made into an architectural feature, by the use of arches, vaulting and stained glass. A dog-leg is a configuration of stairs between two floors of a building, often a domestic building, in which a flight of stairs ascends to a quarter-landing before turning at a right angle and continuing upwards. [1]

  7. Stairs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stairs

    The alternating stairs (3) requires one unit of space per step: the same as the half-width stairs (2), and half as much as the full-width stairs (1). Thus, the horizontal distance between steps is in this case reduced by a factor of two, reducing the size of each step.

  8. Crawl space - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crawl_space

    A crawl space or crawlspace is an unoccupied, unfinished, narrow space within a building, between the ground and the first (or ground) floor. The crawl space is so named because there is typically only enough room to crawl rather than stand; anything larger than about 1 to 1.5 metres (3 ft 3 in to 4 ft 11 in) and beneath the ground floor would ...

  9. Baluster - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baluster

    Baluster. A baluster (/ ˈbæləstər / ⓘ) is an upright support, often a vertical moulded shaft, square, or lathe -turned form found in stairways, parapets, and other architectural features. In furniture construction it is known as a spindle. Common materials used in its construction are wood, stone, and less frequently metal and ceramic.

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